What Is an FPC/FFC Connector?

The tiny FPC/FFC connector may appear to be just that: small and simple. However, the role of these little connectors for modern Electronic Devices is to reduce the weight of the devices, while at the same time increasing reliability. If you have ever taken apart a printer, camera, laptop or smartphone, chances are you have seen one of these connectors connected to a small wire on the circuit board.

To put it in layman's terms, an FPC or Ffc Connector connects flexible circuits or flex flat cable to a PCB. This allows signals and power to be transmitted through various components of a device with no large bulky cables. For product designers, engineers, and purchasers the right connector can aid in easier assembly, lessen connection issues, and enhance overall reliability of the final product.

What Is an FPC Connector?

A small connector that connects a Flexible Printed Circuit to a printed circuit board is an FPC connector. An FPC is a Flexible Printed Circuit, which is why it is often used in all types of products with limited space. FPC connectors are commonly found in compact electronics because they are flexible and can be bent or warped to fit into tight spaces.

The typical FPC connector has three components: a plastic housing, metal contacts, and a locking mechanism. The flexible circuit is inserted into the FPC connector and the metal contacts press against the conductive pads on the flexible circuit, therefore creating a reliable electrical connection between the FPC circuit and the main Printed Circuit Board.

FPC connectors can be found in a variety of Electronic Devices including mobile phones, tablets, cameras, touch screens, displays/lcds, sensors and batteries/chargeable batteries and wrist worn/fitness trackers. If an Electronic Device has limited space and requires a clean/compact layout, using an FPC connector would be the most feasible solution.

What Is an FFC Connector?

FFC Connectors are used to join Flat Flexible Cables (FFC) and PCBs together. These connectors consist of multiple groups of flat conductors that are placed adjacent to each other and laminated together using insulating films. FFC connectors are typically used for very minimal, direct signal connections between components within the circuit.

FFC and FPC connectors have quite similar designs, and in fact, many FPC and FFC connector types are interchangeable with respect to functionality as well as design. This is why many times you will see both of these terms used in conjunction (e.g., on a datasheet, a product page, or a site during a sourcing request).

FFC Connections Find Use in Many Devices, e.g., Printers, Scanners, Laptops, TV's, Home Appliances, Automotive Displays, Industrial Devices, etc. - The Connector Assists in Keeping Internal Wiring Organized, Lightweight, and Quick to Assemble.

FPC vs. FFC Connector: Are They the Same?

FFC and FPC connectors are very closely related; however, these two connector types are still different. The main distinction between these two connectors is the type of circuit or cable that each of them connects. FPC connectors connect a flexible printed circuit; whereas, FFC connectors connect a flat flexible cable.

FPC can feature more complex circuit designs, and have been developed to carry high-density signals, curved shapes (or bending requirements), shielding, and/or controlled impedance. The conductor layout of an FFC is typically not as complex; they're typically made up of mostly straight, parallel conductors and are intended for point-to-point use.

In actual applications, it is common for the connector series of both FPC and FFC types to share the same series designation; however, care must be taken to ensure the appropriate model is selected, as there are multiple variables that will affect compatibility. These variables include the thickness and pitch of the cable, which side the contacts are located on, how far the conductors are protruding from the cable, and the depth of insertion into the connector housing. The connector can appear very similar at first glance; however, even a small difference can result in poor contact and/or assembly issues.

Common Types of FPC/FFC Connectors

FPC/FFC Connector Types: The correct one for your application will be determined by several factors including the design of your product, the layout of your circuit board, the direction your cable will go, how much space you have, and the assembly method for your cable.

ZIF FPC Connector

A ZIF FPC connector has become one of the most widely used types of connectors in the world today due to the fact that it is designed to provide a zero insertion force for easy insertion of the cable into the connector and locking down the cable with a single motion after it has been installed. Using this type of connector reduces damage to the cable from repeated insertion and increases the ease of assembly, particularly for mass production applications.

FPC ZIF connectors are widely used in many different types of compact devices, including display modules, touch panels, cameras, tablets, smartphones and other types of small electronics where stable contacts & easy assembly are critical.

Non-ZIF Connector

In contrast to ZIF connections, a non-ZIF is not lockable by a zero-force connector. A non-ZIF connection involves pushing the cabling into the connector, requiring more effort on your part each time you insert the cable. Although these types can be inexpensive and relatively simple to use, they're generally better suited for situations where a cabling system will only be installed once and infrequently removed.

Flip-Lock and Slide-Lock Connectors

To grip the cable in position, flip-lock and slide-lock connectors have mechanisms that secure the end. The flip-lock connector uses a small cover which hinges open to allow proper engagement. The slide-lock connector uses a slide-in mechanism to attach the connector. Both types provide a firm hold on the cable and will ensure good electrical connection.

The right option depends on the amount of room you have around the connector and the type of assembly that your team finds easiest to do in a mass production environment.

Top Contact, Bottom Contact, and Dual Contact

The orientation of your connector is also something that you need to keep in mind when designing your project. When using a top-contact connector, the conductive surfaces on the cable must be positioned so that they point upwards; however, if you are using a bottom-contact connector then they must be oriented downwards. When using a dual-contact connector the conductive surfaces of both connectors can be arranged in either orientation; thus providing the designer greater latitude in terms of design possibilities.

Although this seems like a minor point, the incorrect selection of contact direction is frequently a mistake made when sourcing parts. Incorrectly setting the contact direction may prevent assembly no matter how correctly the pin count or pitch are configured.

Key Specifications to Consider When Choosing an FPC Connector

You need more than just matching the number of pins to select a FPC or FFC connector. You need to review all specifications in order for the connector to be suitable for your product.

The first thing you should verify is the pitch. The most common pitches are 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.25mm and 2.54mm. Smaller pitches are ideal for more compact devices, while larger pitches are typically easier to manipulate and work best for high-current and/or rugged applications.

You should determine the specifications for the number of contacts, the gauge of the wire, how it’s mounted (e.g., recessed or surface mounted), the height of each contact, the angle of each contact, the rating for current and voltage, and the temperature at which you will operate the connector. If your product is to be used in an automotive, medical, or industrial application, then the importance of acceptable reliability and material specifications will increase.

One last thing worth mentioning would be how things get locked together as we know if you're going to be moving items around multiple times it helps if the connection has an extra strong lock; where-as if all you're going to do is assemble the product one time then going with simple installation will work just fine also!

Where Are FPC and FFC Connectors Used?

Almost all types of modern electronic devices use FPC and FFC connectors. They are popular connectors because they offer a number of advantages including reduced physical space; reduced cable clutter; increased flexibility for internal connections.

They connect touchscreens, displays, cameras, speakers, fingerprint modules, antennae, and battery boards in consumer electronics. In automotive electronics they connect dashboards, infotainment systems, cameras, lighting modules and control units. In medical electronics they connect small screens, sensors and diagnostic modules. They are also used in many applications within industrial equipment such as control panels, instruments, automation devices and Human Machine Interfaces.

The well-known brands such as Molex connector, TE Connectivity, Hirose, JST, and Amphenol are present in this market, many people manufacture connectors from smaller companies that are partners of these manufacturers so will receive predictable lead times, price points, and technical support.

How to Choose a Reliable FPC Connector Supplier

A quality FPC connector supplier must be able to support you in checking the Fit of their FPC Connector to the Cable and the PCB Layout & Application Requirements - not just sell you parts.

If you're comparing suppliers make sure to check for their ability to provide detailed datasheets, drawings, samples, material information, plating information, compliance documents (e.g. RoHS or REACH) as required. Being able to assist in reviewing cable thickness, pitch, contact direction, and alternative options is also a plus.

Another key consideration is lead time. If there is a shortage in connectors it may cause delays to an entire manufacturing schedule even though all other components are available and a ready for manufacturing. The best approach is to inquire about stock levels, production capacity, delivery time, and long range availability for any component before committing to any large volume orders.

If your product is expected to have a lengthy lifecycle, don't be content with just knowing what you will pay right now. Check to see that your supplier can provide a stable supply for an extended period of time or have recommended alternate compatible products when the model changes at some point.

FPC Connector Quality: What Should Buyers Check?

The quality of a connector can significantly impact the reliability and functionality of the end product. Although a connector's appearance may pass a visual inspection, other issues will arise when the connector is soldered, inserted into a cable assembly, or experience prolonged use or unpredictable force.

Weak locking force, incorrect terminal plating, unstable contact resistance, or broken actuators lead to plastic deformity and inconsistent terminal alignment or misalignment can result in intermittent signals or display as well as failure to read touch and require re-assembly to correct the quality issue.

Testing samples in actual application environments is the best way to validate your ability to approve a connector for production. You will want to evaluate its performance characteristics such as insertion and withdrawal functionality, contact resistance, solderability, temperature tolerance, and vibration resistance as appropriate to the product type. Connectors used in automotive, medical or industrial products may require more stringent testing than those used for electronic devices due to their increased potential risk.

The way SMT FPC connectors are packaged affects how they can be placed onto PCBs by machines that pick and place parts. If connector packaging is of poor quality or is improperly designed, it may be difficult to place connectors onto PCBs using an automated machine or cause delays in production or damage to the connectors before they reach the PCB.

How to Connect an FPC Cable Correctly

It's easy to connect FPC cable as long as it is handled carefully. The first thing you will want to do is ensure that the cable is connected in the proper direction with the contacts face up. Once all of this has been checked, then open the connector if you are using a ZIF, flip-lock, or slide-lock type.

Next, using the right-hand connector on a cable connector, insert the cable into the connector until it reaches the proper depth. The connector flange should be seated at a 90-degree angle relative to the centerline of the cable; do not tilt or force the cable into the connector. After the cable is fully inserted and aligned, gently (but evenly) close the actuator. If the lock does not close properly (i.e., smoothly), then pull the cable from the connector and reposition it before trying to reinsert it -- never force anything!

To prevent bending your cable sharply near its connector, avoid putting too much pressure on the connector's opening. Too much pressure on the connector's opening can cause damage to the pads of your cable or decrease reliability between the connector and your device. If you have a product that is frequently moving or vibrating, tape, a cable guide or mechanical support may help you reduce the pull exerted on the cable.

Easy-to-follow work instructions can help to avoid issues for production teams when they’re following the right processes. Operators should be advised about the orientation of a cable, its insertion depth, how to lock it in place and what criteria should be used to inspect it.

Common Mistakes When Selecting FPC/FFC Connectors

It is common for manufacturers to make a mistake by selecting a plug based solely on pin count and pitch when in reality there are numerous other things to consider. Although these characteristics are critical to successful plug use, that alone isn't sufficient. Factors such as wire gauge, electrical contact side, actuation style, connector height, mounting footprint size, and insertion direction should all be consistent.

Different connectors used in different situations have different requirements for the working conditions that they must function. For example, a connector on a piece of wear-able equipment would probably have to stand up to continual motion, whereas a connector in a vehicle may have to withstand higher temperatures than usual. In contrast, the connector used in medical devices would typically require much more stringent standards for quality and traceability.

Many purchasing agents see price as the most important criteria for buying connectors. While price is critical, when buying an unreliable connector at a low price causes rework on assembly lines, poor performance, increased customer complaints or unplanned engineering projects for system redesigns, the cumulative cost exceeds saving the costs of purchasing at a lower price point. Price should be compared in balance with quality, delivery, customer support/technical support and overall long-term reliability.

FAQ About FPC/FFC Connectors

What is the difference between FPC and FFC?

Flexible Printed Circuits (FPC) and Flat Flexible Cables (FFC) are electrical components described as flexible circuits with printed copper traces. FPC can support more complex designs while FFC is designed as a flat cable with parallel conductors. Most of these connections can be done with either of these electrical components; however, it is still recommended that you check the specifications of pitch, thickness, contact side and type of cable before making your purchase.

How to connect FPC cable?

The following steps will help you connect your FPC cable based on the type of connector and direction of the contact. First, if there is a lock on the connector, unlock it by bringing it into the open position, then insert the FPC cable directly into the connector; make sure to keep it straight. Once inserted, close the lock. Do not force, bend or break the FPC cable near its connector. Check that the cable is properly assembled by confirming that it is straight, has been fully inserted and is securely locked.

What does FPC stand for in electronics?

Flexible Printed Circuit (abbreviated as "FPC") refers to a flexible printed circuit (PCB) created from polyimide film and copper foils in electronics. Flexible thickness is achieved with FPCs in tightly packaged devices such that they are able to be manufactured and assembled into compact spaces when compared to conventional printed circuit boards (PCBs) or wire cables.

Can FFC and FPC use the same connector?

Connectors can be used for both FFC and FPC cables in several instances. Many connectors are designed to accommodate both types of connector. However, before using the same connector on both types, always verify the thickness, pitch, contact location, and depth of insertion of each cable.

What is an FPC ZIF connector?

You will find that a Flex PCB ZIF Connector (Zero Insertion Force) is an effective way to connect your Flexible PCB or Flat Flexible cable with ease. The flexibility of the cabling allows the connector to slide into place without any resistance and then the Locking Actuator will keep it securely connected. They are a very popular choice as they are easy to assemble and give added protection to the cable during the assembly process.

Why the Right Connector Choice Matters

Though an FPC/FFCConnector is a very small component, it can greatly affect the end product. A loose display connection, an unstable touch signal, a camera issue, or a sensor failure may be caused by mismatching connectors or having weak contacts.

When choosing a connector for your project, providing the supplier with details such as cable drawings, PCB layout, application requirements, and projected order quantities will help them make an appropriate recommendation of which model to use and reduce the chance of any mismatch prior to the start of production.

If you’re seeking an alternative to Molex, or compact ffc/fpc connectors or a new custom connector solution for your electronic device, you should spend some time to technically confirm that the connector you’re looking to buy will work according to your expectations. A well-designed connector will simplify the assembly process, enhance product functionality and decrease or eliminate future maintenance or after-sales issues with the product.

FPC and FFC connectors are two types of connections that are vital for compact electronic devices. They provide a reliable, space-saving connection between a flexible circuit and a flat cable, as well as between both of these and a PCB. By knowing the basic differences, types of connectors, important specifications, and assembly considerations, you can make better choices about which solution is best for your project. If you want consistent quality, correctly matched parts, and fast technical support from an experienced FPC connector supplier, it will help you simplify your entire project from design through mass production.